多维设计与策划模型：设计介入，问题治愈

设计师的社会责任感需通过设计手段来落地实施，才能发挥其效能。设计师在核心问题定义完成后，需要通过设计手段来对核心问题进行设计干预，从而发挥出设计的重要效能，以达到问题的揭发、问题的改善乃至问题的治愈的目的。陈正达教授将设计干预问题的方法凝练成两个步骤：“突破与构思”、“传达与实现”。

突破与构思

“突破与构思”是进入视觉设计构思的开始。“突破"即从核心问题中打破常规，找到视觉沟通机会点。“构思”即设计解决方案的设想和构建。根据核心问题，找准视觉沟通机会点，结合视觉传达设计专业背景，来构建方案的解决路径，即我们如何解决该问题。

视觉沟通机会点是构思解决方案的创新根本，而解决方案的构建需要在其基础上有所突破。“视觉沟通机会点”就是设计师口中常被提及的“创意点子”，它是整个方案的切入点。它的准确性、创新性和突破性直接决定用本专业来解决问题的程度，影响到设计解决方案的效能。视觉沟通机会点的搜寻本意是“看”，但不是肉眼直观的可视性观察，而是根据眼前的线索，通过心与脑的理性思考，来“看”到其中蕴含的可能性。视觉沟通机会点的确立和设计解决方案的构思，两个过程均需要头脑风暴和整合筛选。设计师需要借用词构逻辑、外形对比、寓意相关、因果联系等逻辑，从多个维度方向发散思维，尽可能多地写下一闪而过的想法，任何疯狂的、看似不相干的想法都可以先记录在案，然后通过整合筛选，考虑合理的跨界合作手段，在最大程度解决问题的前提下，选择最具创新性和突破性的方案。

传达与实现

设计不是纸上谈兵，从构思到落地，是一项艰巨的系统工程。传达与实现的标准是可行，衡量可行决策的基础是评估。设计执行和实施的过程往往伴随着偶然与必然，设计的可行如同天平，而设计实现的最佳意义是在理想和现实之间获得平衡。

“传达与实现”，这是设计过程的最后一步，包含“传达”设计理念和“实现”设计方案。设计方案的成功依赖于信息的有效传达，而传达效率直接影响到方案的实际效果。因此，设计师需要不断论证方案的可行性，以确保设计的最大效能。

在此过程中，设计师通过感性判断和理性分析相结合，评估不同表现形式的设计方案。通过制作模型，设计师可以从人体工学、使用便捷性、结构和成本等方面检视方案的不足，将抽象概念可视化。同时，通过试错和优化，设计师可以从反馈中改进方案，最终选择最具可行性的解决方案，确保设计具有实际操作性。

在方法论的最后，提出了“视觉治愈”理念，它强调视觉传达设计在解决社会问题时的三层次功能：问题的揭示、问题的改善和问题的治愈。每一层次不分高低，而是根据实际问题的性质选择合适的层级进行干预或解决。

Multidimensional Design and Planning Model: Design Intervention, Problem Treatment

A designer's sense of social responsibility must be implemented through design methods in order to exert its effectiveness. After defining the core problem, designers need to intervene in the core issue using design tools, so as to harness the full potential of design to uncover, improve, and even cure the problem. Professor Chen Zhengda has condensed the method of design intervention into two steps: "Breakthrough and Conception" and "Communication and Implementation."

Breakthrough and Conception

"Breakthrough and Conception" is the beginning of visual design thinking. "Breakthrough" refers to breaking the norm from the core problem and identifying the visual communication opportunities. "Conception" is the envisioning and constructing of design solutions. Based on the core problem, the designer identifies the visual communication opportunity points and, combined with the background of visual communication design, constructs a solution path for the problem—essentially, how to solve the problem.

Visual communication opportunity points are the fundamental source of innovation in the conception of solutions, and constructing a solution requires breakthroughs based on these points. The "visual communication opportunity point" is what designers often refer to as the "creative idea," the entry point for the entire solution. Its accuracy, innovativeness, and breakthrough quality directly determine how effectively the problem can be solved through this specific design discipline, which impacts the efficiency of the solution. The search for visual communication opportunity points is meant to "see" — but not in the literal, visual sense. Rather, it involves observing through rational thinking, using both the mind and the brain, to perceive the possibilities hidden within the clues at hand. Establishing visual communication opportunity points and conceptualizing the design solution require brainstorming and integration. Designers need to employ logical tools like word associations, visual contrasts, symbolic meanings, and causal relationships to expand their thinking from multiple dimensions. They should write down fleeting ideas, even the seemingly crazy or irrelevant ones, which can later be integrated and filtered, considering reasonable cross-disciplinary cooperation and choosing the most innovative and breakthrough solution to address the problem to the fullest extent.

Communication and Implementation

Design is not just theoretical; from conception to realization, it is a complex and systematic process. The standard for "Communication and Implementation" is feasibility, and the basis for assessing feasible decisions is evaluation. The process of design execution and implementation often involves both the unexpected and the inevitable. The feasibility of design is like a balance scale, and the best meaning of design realization is achieving balance between ideals and reality.

"Communication and Implementation" is the final step in the design process, encompassing both "communication" of design concepts and "implementation" of design solutions. The success of a design solution relies on the effective communication of information, and the efficiency of this communication directly affects the actual effectiveness of the solution. Therefore, designers need to continuously validate the feasibility of the solution to ensure maximum design effectiveness.

In this process, designers combine subjective judgment and objective analysis to evaluate different forms of design solutions. By creating prototypes, designers can assess the shortcomings of a solution in terms of ergonomics, ease of use, structure, and cost, and visualize abstract concepts. Simultaneously, through trial and error and optimization, designers can improve the solution based on feedback, ultimately selecting the most feasible solution to ensure practical operability.

Visual Treatment

At the end of the methodology, the concept of "Visual Treatment" is introduced, which emphasizes the three-tier functionality of visual communication design in solving social problems: revealing the problem, improving the problem, and treating the problem. Each tier is not ranked in importance, but rather, the appropriate level is selected based on the nature of the actual problem for intervention or resolution.